Constructing a Soundscape to Enhance the Spirituality of Pujiu Temple

Abstract

This thesis explores the integration of soundscape design and spirituality within the context of Buddhist temples, with a focus on Pujiu Temple in Shanxi Province, China. Wind chimes hold profound symbolic significance in Buddhist culture. Per Buddhist tradition, their sound is deemed a sacred summons capable of dispelling distractions and purifying the mind (Dalai Lama, 1992). As stated in the Bodhicaryavatara, the sound of wind chimes symbolizes the dissemination of the Dharma, guiding believers into meditation and self-reflection (Suzuki, 1964). Moreover, the sound of wind chimes resonates with the Buddhist concept of "dependent origination and emptiness", as it is produced by the interplay of wind, bells, and the environment, exemplifying the Buddhist doctrine of dependent origination (Berthier, 2000).

For instance, in Japanese Zen temples, wind chimes are often used in meditation practice, assisting practitioners in focusing and achieving deep meditation (Dalai Lama, 1992). Relevant studies have shown that the sound of wind chimes can significantly reduce stress levels and enhance inner calm (Suzuki, 1964). The study employs a multi-modal soundscape walk method to analyze the soundscape and visitor experiences across four key Locations: Pine Forest Path, Dream of the Western Chamber, Pagoda Courtyard Corridor, and Echoes in the Mountain Valley. Through a combination of sound pressure level measurements, questionnaires, and subjective evaluations, the research identifies the unique soundscape characteristics of each Location and their correlation with spiritual experiences.

The findings reveal that natural sounds, such as wind and bird calls, significantly enhance the tranquility and meditative atmosphere of the temple, while traditional Buddhist sounds, like chanting and bell ringing, deepen the sense of cultural and religious identity. The study proposes a phased soundscape design process, which includes initial, development, climax, and decline stages, to guide visitors through a journey of spiritual awakening and inner peace. The design incorporates elements such as wind chimes, guzheng music, and synthesized effects to create a harmonious and immersive soundscape.

The thesis contributes to the field by developing a theoretical framework for soundscape design in religious contexts and providing practical strategies for enhancing the spiritual experience of visitors. The results highlight the potential of soundscape design to foster deeper connections with Buddhist teachings and promote cultural heritage preservation. Future research directions include further optimization of soundscape elements, strengthening equipment maintenance, and expanding the scope of study to other cultural Locations.

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